Genes with sex-biased expression, especially those with male-biased expression, tend to evolve rapidly in both protein sequence and expression level. Sex-biased genes are non-randomly distributed ...All. Video quality. All. Viewed videos. Show all. Similar searches jacquie et michel francaise french mature handjob in public undefined salope francaise french cougar france made in france yacht orgy belle mere francaise 707 maman francaise malayalam sex french cougar francaise black punishment mariska french amateur la france a poil cougar ...Jan 31, 2011 · Male bias was evident in 8 disciplines and most prominent in neuroscience, with single-sex studies of male animals outnumbering those of females 5.5 to 1. In the past half-century, male bias in ... 205.2k 100% 10min - 720p Made In France Big boobs mature woman loves anal sex 921.7k 100% 11min - 1080p Made In France Clients of the sex shop enjoy the private cabins 191.8k 99% 10min - 1080p Public Banging Extreme public sex threesome by the world famous Eiffel Tower in Paris France 182.5k 100% 19min - 1080p the fcasis of sex in these three areas, the Court has recently held (Reed v. Reed6) that arbitrary legislative choices based on sex, such as an Idaho statute that favors the male as executor in probate matters, are not constitutionally permissible. In Frontiero v. Richardson,7 the Court expanded Reed by determining that sex-differentialKalb et al 5 sought to investigate this issue by quantifying the magnitude and practical impact of race-based and sex-based bias in the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2), a clinician-administered measure that is widely used in both research and clinical practice to establish or confirm a diagnosis of ASD.Jun 5, 2020 · The common practice of prescribing equal drug doses to women and men neglects sex differences in pharmacokinetics and dimorphisms in body weight, risks overmedication of women, and contributes to female-biased adverse drug reactions. We recommend evidence-based dose reductions for women to counteract this sex bias. Aug 14, 2023 · Author summary Tens of thousands of years ago, humans interbred with our close hominin relatives (e.g. Neanderthals), which we know from finding segments of archaic hominin DNA in our genomes. Up to 4% of a human genome may be archaic DNA, but most of that archaic part is on the autosomes (the non-sex chromosomes). Chromosome X usually contains 3 to 10 times less archaic DNA than the autosomes ... The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA Considerable progress in generating and reporting scientific data disaggregated by sex has been achieved in the last decades since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendation in 1998 to provide the age, sex, and ethnicity of all participants in clinical trials. The increasing focus on recognising sex differences in immune responses is ...the fcasis of sex in these three areas, the Court has recently held (Reed v. Reed6) that arbitrary legislative choices based on sex, such as an Idaho statute that favors the male as executor in probate matters, are not constitutionally permissible. In Frontiero v. Richardson,7 the Court expanded Reed by determining that sex-differentialNov 9, 2017 · Sex omission is declining, as increasing numbers of articles report sex. Sex bias remains present, as increasing numbers of articles report the sole use of males. Articles using both males and females are also increasing, but few report assessing sex as an experimental variable. Sex bias and omission varies substantially by animal model and ... Sex-Based Discrimination. Sex discrimination involves treating someone (an applicant or employee) unfavorably because of that person's sex, including the person's sexual orientation, gender identity, or pregnancy. Discrimination against an individual because of gender identity, including transgender status, or because of sexual orientation is ...Genes with sex-biased expression, especially those with male-biased expression, tend to evolve rapidly in both protein sequence and expression level. Sex-biased genes are non-randomly distributed ...A greater disparity existed in the number of animals studied: 16,152 (84%) male and 3,173 (16%) female ( P < .0001). For cell research, 76% of the publications did not specify the sex. Of the papers that did specify the sex, 71% of publications included only males, 21% only females, and 7% both sexes. Only 7 (1%) studies reported sex-based results.Attention to sex vs gender is then recommended to better tackle the challenge of diagnosing and treating schizophrenia in gender dysphoric individuals (Stusiński and Lew-Starowicz, 2018). 4.2. Clinical evidence on sex differences in behavioral symptoms. Sex-dependent associations were found between cognition and clinical symptoms in SCZ patients.Autism may occur as often in girls as it does in boys, according to a new study that tweaked common clinical tools to minimize their sex bias and tracked babies with a family history of the condition over five years. One of the most consistent findings in autism research is that about four times as many boys as girls are diagnosed with the ...Logan Y Emma. My stepsister puts me in a doggy style so that my dick stops and I fuck her when her mom is not there #compilation. 3.4M 94% 15min - 1440p. FREE registration FREE sex chat on asscorecums.com. 63.3k 100% 10min - 360p. Old Mature Milf Wants Cock From Stepson - Reagan Foxx - PervMom. 355.2k 100% 7min - 1080p.Background Infectious disease incidence is often male-biased. Two main hypotheses have been proposed to explain this observation. The physiological hypothesis (PH) emphasizes differences in sex hormones and genetic architecture, while the behavioral hypothesis (BH) stresses gender-related differences in exposure. Surprisingly, the population-level predictions of these hypotheses are yet to be ...Apr 24, 2013 · Background Infectious disease incidence is often male-biased. Two main hypotheses have been proposed to explain this observation. The physiological hypothesis (PH) emphasizes differences in sex hormones and genetic architecture, while the behavioral hypothesis (BH) stresses gender-related differences in exposure. Surprisingly, the population-level predictions of these hypotheses are yet to be ... Here, we present a 10 year follow-up study to the initial Beery and Zucker report by conducting a systematic review to assess sex-inclusive research practices within nine of the biological disciplines and 34 of the scholarly journals originally surveyed in 2009. We provide an updated perspective on the state of sex-inclusive research within the ...Sex bias is not just restricted to in vivo studies. For in vitro studies, the relevance of sex has traditionally been discounted; as demonstrated by the observation that the majority of studies involving newly generated cell, cells failed to specify the sex (Taylor et al., 2011) and when, sex is reported, 71% studied only males (Yoon et al., 2014).Subject sex across fields: animal studies. The 2009 survey of research on non-human mammals revealed a male bias in 8 of the 10 fields surveyed, including neuroscience, physiology, pharmacology, endocrinology, zoology and, to a lesser extent, behavioral physiology and behavior ( Fig. 1 A). The ratio of articles reporting on only males versus ...Jun 1, 2020 · Both biological (sex) and socio-cultural (gender) aspects (see Supplementary Note 1 “Sex and gender”) constitute relevant sources of variation in a number of clinical and subclinical ... Jul 29, 2022 · Introduction. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune, and multisystem disorder characterized by autoantibody production and dysregulated immune cell function. SLE is strongly sex-biased disease, affecting women nine times more frequently than men [ 1]. Factors such as intrinsic differences in the immune system [ 2], sex ... This difference explains the sex bias in fragile X syndrome, a rare, autism-linked condition that is both more common and more severe in men and is caused by mutations in the FMR1 gene, on the X chromosome. These mutations make the X chromosome look ‘fragile’ under a microscope, hence the condition’s name.Nov 22, 2021 · Case reports were coded for patient sex, country of institutional affiliation, physiological system, and first and last author gender. Of 494 total case reports, 45% ( n = 221) of patients were male, 30% ( n = 146) were female, and 25% ( n = 124) included both sexes. Ratios of male-only to female-only case reports varied by physiological system. the fcasis of sex in these three areas, the Court has recently held (Reed v. Reed6) that arbitrary legislative choices based on sex, such as an Idaho statute that favors the male as executor in probate matters, are not constitutionally permissible. In Frontiero v. Richardson,7 the Court expanded Reed by determining that sex-differentialSaltWireApr 24, 2013 · Background Infectious disease incidence is often male-biased. Two main hypotheses have been proposed to explain this observation. The physiological hypothesis (PH) emphasizes differences in sex hormones and genetic architecture, while the behavioral hypothesis (BH) stresses gender-related differences in exposure. Surprisingly, the population-level predictions of these hypotheses are yet to be ... All. Video quality. All. Viewed videos. Show all. Similar searches jacquie et michel francaise french mature handjob in public undefined salope francaise french cougar france made in france yacht orgy belle mere francaise 707 maman francaise malayalam sex french cougar francaise black punishment mariska french amateur la france a poil cougar ...The common practice of prescribing equal drug doses to women and men neglects sex differences in pharmacokinetics and dimorphisms in body weight, risks overmedication of women, and contributes to female-biased adverse drug reactions. We recommend evidence-based dose reductions for women to counteract this sex bias.A sex bias is not only seen in infections, but also in cancers where a strong sex bias in survival from cancer is well documented. 4,5 For example, women in Australia have approximately half the ...Nonendocrine mechanisms of sex bias in rheumatic diseases. 2019 Nov;15 (11):673-686. doi: 10.1038/s41584-019-0307-6. Nathalie C Lambert. INSERM UMRs 1097 Arthrites Autoimmunes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France. [email protected]. 10.1038/s41584-019-0307-6. Rheumatic diseases affect a wide range of individuals of all ages ... Jun 5, 2020 · The common practice of prescribing equal drug doses to women and men neglects sex differences in pharmacokinetics and dimorphisms in body weight, risks overmedication of women, and contributes to female-biased adverse drug reactions. We recommend evidence-based dose reductions for women to counteract this sex bias. Oct 23, 2019 · Mammals and birds have chromosomal sex determination; in mammals XY male and XX female, in birds ZZ male and ZW female . The X and Z chromosomes are larger and have more genes than W and Y, thus genome size differs among sexes. Many genes are also sex-linked, so genomes will differ between sexes. comparative anatomy: Yes. Males and females have ... The human sex chromosomes are genomic structures that distinguish males and females on the chromosomal level. The XY sex-determination system is present in humans, and females have two X chromosomes, while males have one Y and one X chromosome . These chromosomes evolved approximately 180 million years ago from ordinary autosomes .Oct 23, 2019 · Mammals and birds have chromosomal sex determination; in mammals XY male and XX female, in birds ZZ male and ZW female . The X and Z chromosomes are larger and have more genes than W and Y, thus genome size differs among sexes. Many genes are also sex-linked, so genomes will differ between sexes. comparative anatomy: Yes. Males and females have ... A sex bias is not only seen in infections, but also in cancers where a strong sex bias in survival from cancer is well documented. 4,5 For example, women in Australia have approximately half the ...The perceived sex of pain sufferers has been found to be particularly influential on estimation of others’ pain. Biases based on perceived sex, operationalized for the present study as the tendency to perceive women as in less or more pain than men for a given level of pain self-report and expressiveness, is particularly important for understanding disparities in clinical and lay settings in ... Nonendocrine mechanisms of sex bias in rheumatic diseases. 2019 Nov;15 (11):673-686. doi: 10.1038/s41584-019-0307-6. Nathalie C Lambert. INSERM UMRs 1097 Arthrites Autoimmunes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France. [email protected]. 10.1038/s41584-019-0307-6. Rheumatic diseases affect a wide range of individuals of all ages ... 000031 (bluemobiles.com)sex in public bus.EXT. 44.2k 86% 10min - 360p. Hard sex in bus with hot girl. 78.4k 71% 6min - 1080p. sexo no onibus. 400k 100% 34sec - 360p. Se la chupa en bus. 113.6k 100% 37sec - 360p. Family therapy always there to help Ryder Skye arab sex new. Apr 26, 2022 · Kalb et al 5 sought to investigate this issue by quantifying the magnitude and practical impact of race-based and sex-based bias in the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2), a clinician-administered measure that is widely used in both research and clinical practice to establish or confirm a diagnosis of ASD. SaltWireAug 7, 2007 · Genes with sex-biased expression, especially those with male-biased expression, tend to evolve rapidly in both protein sequence and expression level. Sex-biased genes are non-randomly distributed ... the fcasis of sex in these three areas, the Court has recently held (Reed v. Reed6) that arbitrary legislative choices based on sex, such as an Idaho statute that favors the male as executor in probate matters, are not constitutionally permissible. In Frontiero v. Richardson,7 the Court expanded Reed by determining that sex-differentialSex-Based Discrimination. Sex discrimination involves treating someone (an applicant or employee) unfavorably because of that person's sex, including the person's sexual orientation, gender identity, or pregnancy. Discrimination against an individual because of gender identity, including transgender status, or because of sexual orientation is ...Attention to sex vs gender is then recommended to better tackle the challenge of diagnosing and treating schizophrenia in gender dysphoric individuals (Stusiński and Lew-Starowicz, 2018). 4.2. Clinical evidence on sex differences in behavioral symptoms. Sex-dependent associations were found between cognition and clinical symptoms in SCZ patients.Mammals and birds have chromosomal sex determination; in mammals XY male and XX female, in birds ZZ male and ZW female . The X and Z chromosomes are larger and have more genes than W and Y, thus genome size differs among sexes. Many genes are also sex-linked, so genomes will differ between sexes. comparative anatomy: Yes. Males and females have ...Since sex and immunity are both critical to fitness and energetically costly, immune effectors and sex hormones engage in an intense physiological crosstalk –; in mammals, sex steroid immunomodulation has been linked to higher infection rates in males, with testosterone down-regulating and estrogen promoting T-helper(Th)1- and antibody ...In this Review, the main genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that have been proposed to explain sex bias in rheumatic diseases are discussed, including X chromosome inactivation (XCI), sex ...It is well appreciated that there is a female preponderance in the development of most autoimmune diseases. Thought to be due to a complex interplay between sex chromosome complement and sex-hormones, however, the exact mechanisms underlying this sex-bias remain unknown. In recent years, there has been a focus on understanding the central pathogenic role of the bacteria that live in the gut ...26421970. 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000371. This study investigated sex bias in the classification of borderline and narcissistic personality disorders. A sample of psychologists in training for a post-master degree (N = 180) read brief case histories (male or female version) and made DSM classification. To differentiate sex bias due to sex ... Sex-Based Discrimination. Sex discrimination involves treating someone (an applicant or employee) unfavorably because of that person's sex, including the person's sexual orientation, gender identity, or pregnancy. Discrimination against an individual because of gender identity, including transgender status, or because of sexual orientation is ...Sex Bias in the U.S. Code, the USCCR report, is visible online bit.ly/3acgDlW) It was published in 1977, a date also referenced in some of the Facebook claims.. A section beginning on page 95 ...Instead we got a list of potential problems. Nearly two decades later, it’s clear that stereotypes and biases persist even among the providers who should be most equipped to talk about the ...Abstract. Examination of aggregate data on graduate admissions to the University of California, Berkeley, for fall 1973 shows a clear but misleading pattern of bias against female applicants. Examination of the disaggregated data reveals few decision-making units that show statistically significant departures from expected frequencies of female ...Neuroscience research has historically ignored female animals. This neglect comes in two general forms. The first is sex bias, defined as favoring one sex over another; in this case, male over female. The second is sex omission, which is the lack of reporting sex. The recognition of this phenomenon has generated fierce debate across the sciences. Here we test whether sex bias and omission are ...Sex bias in infectious disease epidemiology: patterns and processes. 2013 Apr 24;8 (4):e62390. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062390. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Our results closely match some key PH predictions and contradict some crucial BH predictions, suggesting that gender-specific behavior ...The human sex chromosomes are genomic structures that distinguish males and females on the chromosomal level. The XY sex-determination system is present in humans, and females have two X chromosomes, while males have one Y and one X chromosome . These chromosomes evolved approximately 180 million years ago from ordinary autosomes .Many autoimmune diseases show a striking female sex bias ( Figure 1) ( 3 ). Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren’s syndrome, Grave’s disease, and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis are seven to ten times more common in women than men; multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and scleroderma are two to three times more common ( 4 ).This difference explains the sex bias in fragile X syndrome, a rare, autism-linked condition that is both more common and more severe in men and is caused by mutations in the FMR1 gene, on the X chromosome. These mutations make the X chromosome look ‘fragile’ under a microscope, hence the condition’s name.Jun 1, 2020 · The sex and gender dimension is crucial for the development of effective NLP solutions for health since multiple sex and gender differences have been documented in written and spoken language 74. In fact, major differences are observed in dialogue structure 75, word reading 76, and even in children’s linguistic tasks 77. The perceived sex of pain sufferers has been found to be particularly influential on estimation of others’ pain. Biases based on perceived sex, operationalized for the present study as the tendency to perceive women as in less or more pain than men for a given level of pain self-report and expressiveness, is particularly important for understanding disparities in clinical and lay settings in ...All. Video quality. All. Viewed videos. Show all. Similar searches jacquie et michel francaise french mature handjob in public undefined salope francaise french cougar france made in france yacht orgy belle mere francaise 707 maman francaise malayalam sex french cougar francaise black punishment mariska french amateur la france a poil cougar ...A greater disparity existed in the number of animals studied: 16,152 (84%) male and 3,173 (16%) female ( P < .0001). For cell research, 76% of the publications did not specify the sex. Of the papers that did specify the sex, 71% of publications included only males, 21% only females, and 7% both sexes. Only 7 (1%) studies reported sex-based results.Sex bias occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in Poly7 molecular subclass is associated with EGFR. Epub 2012 Oct 19. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest solid cancers and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. There is a universal estimated male/female ratio of 2.5, but the reason for this is not well understood.Chronic kidney disease affects 10% of the population with notable differences in ethnic and sex-related susceptibility to kidney injury and disease. Kidney dysfunction leads to significant morbidity and mortality, and chronic disease in other organ systems. A mouse organ-centered understanding underlies rapid progress in human disease modeling ...Background Women are at more than 1.5-fold higher risk for clinically relevant adverse drug events. While this higher prevalence is partially due to gender-related effects, biological sex differences likely also impact drug response. Publicly available gene expression databases provide a unique opportunity for examining drug response at a cellular level. However, missingness and heterogeneity ...Apr 24, 2013 · Since sex and immunity are both critical to fitness and energetically costly, immune effectors and sex hormones engage in an intense physiological crosstalk –; in mammals, sex steroid immunomodulation has been linked to higher infection rates in males, with testosterone down-regulating and estrogen promoting T-helper(Th)1- and antibody ... Apr 1, 2022 · Attention to sex vs gender is then recommended to better tackle the challenge of diagnosing and treating schizophrenia in gender dysphoric individuals (Stusiński and Lew-Starowicz, 2018). 4.2. Clinical evidence on sex differences in behavioral symptoms. Sex-dependent associations were found between cognition and clinical symptoms in SCZ patients. Chronic kidney disease affects 10% of the population with notable differences in ethnic and sex-related susceptibility to kidney injury and disease. Kidney dysfunction leads to significant morbidity and mortality, and chronic disease in other organ systems. A mouse organ-centered understanding underlies rapid progress in human disease modeling ...The marked difference in sex bias in articles with studies vs participants as measurement unit for cardiovascular diseases (−0.14 vs −0.02) and neoplasms (−0.11 vs −0.03) is evidence that sex bias determined with both measurement units should be reported, and that sex bias results may be less sensitive to female underrepresentation with ...Aug 22, 2022 · Sex – as organized by the unequal composition and effects of sex chromosomes and gonadal hormones – is a biological variable with significant influence on immune function . However, the mechanisms underlying the sex-biased incidence and mortality of various cancers arising in non-reproductive organs remain elusive ( 2 ). Jul 3, 2019 · The marked difference in sex bias in articles with studies vs participants as measurement unit for cardiovascular diseases (−0.14 vs −0.02) and neoplasms (−0.11 vs −0.03) is evidence that sex bias determined with both measurement units should be reported, and that sex bias results may be less sensitive to female underrepresentation with ... sex-nonspecific nephrology and genitourinary disease; hematology; cardiology; The main positive finding was a higher likelihood of enrolling in trials that focused on disease prevention. However ...Jul 29, 2022 · Introduction. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune, and multisystem disorder characterized by autoantibody production and dysregulated immune cell function. SLE is strongly sex-biased disease, affecting women nine times more frequently than men [ 1]. Factors such as intrinsic differences in the immune system [ 2], sex ... Nov 9, 2017 · Sex omission is declining, as increasing numbers of articles report sex. Sex bias remains present, as increasing numbers of articles report the sole use of males. Articles using both males and females are also increasing, but few report assessing sex as an experimental variable. Sex bias and omission varies substantially by animal model and ... Sex-Based Discrimination. Sex discrimination involves treating someone (an applicant or employee) unfavorably because of that person's sex, including the person's sexual orientation, gender identity, or pregnancy. Discrimination against an individual because of gender identity, including transgender status, or because of sexual orientation is ...Many autoimmune diseases show a striking female sex bias ( Figure 1) ( 3 ). Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren’s syndrome, Grave’s disease, and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis are seven to ten times more common in women than men; multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and scleroderma are two to three times more common ( 4 ). Jun 27, 2021 · sex-nonspecific nephrology and genitourinary disease; hematology; cardiology; The main positive finding was a higher likelihood of enrolling in trials that focused on disease prevention. However ...
Sex Bias in the U.S. Code, the USCCR report, is visible online bit.ly/3acgDlW) It was published in 1977, a date also referenced in some of the Facebook claims.. A section beginning on page 95 .... Rocoo steel
A sex bias is not only seen in infections, but also in cancers where a strong sex bias in survival from cancer is well documented. 4,5 For example, women in Australia have approximately half the ...Many autoimmune diseases show a striking female sex bias ( Figure 1) ( 3 ). Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren’s syndrome, Grave’s disease, and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis are seven to ten times more common in women than men; multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and scleroderma are two to three times more common ( 4 ). Recent findings. Recent studies investigating the origins of sex bias in autoimmune disease have revealed an extensive and interconnected network of genetic, hormonal, microbial, and environmental influences. Investigation of sex hormones has moved beyond profiling the effects of hormones on activity and prevalence of immune cell types to ...Une mariée se fait déshabiller par des invités devant son mari, les images chocs (Vidéo)The perceived sex of pain sufferers has been found to be particularly influential on estimation of others’ pain. Biases based on perceived sex, operationalized for the present study as the tendency to perceive women as in less or more pain than men for a given level of pain self-report and expressiveness, is particularly important for understanding disparities in clinical and lay settings in ... The sex and gender dimension is crucial for the development of effective NLP solutions for health since multiple sex and gender differences have been documented in written and spoken language 74. In fact, major differences are observed in dialogue structure 75, word reading 76, and even in children’s linguistic tasks 77.Sex-based immunological differences might have potential impact on immune response 2, whereas its contribution to cancer immunotherapy remains unclear. There is heated debate based on large-scale ...Jun 9, 2020 · Here, we present a 10 year follow-up study to the initial Beery and Zucker report by conducting a systematic review to assess sex-inclusive research practices within nine of the biological disciplines and 34 of the scholarly journals originally surveyed in 2009. We provide an updated perspective on the state of sex-inclusive research within the ... Nov 22, 2022 · Background In recent decades, increasing longevity (among other factors) has fostered a rise in Parkinson's disease incidence. Although not exhaustively studied in this devastating disease, the impact of sex represents a critical variable in Parkinson’s disease as epidemiological and clinical features differ between males and females. Methods To study sex bias in Parkinson’s disease, we ... Sep 4, 2019 · We genetically sexed 277 mammalian subfossils using high-throughput sequencing of ancient DNA, and found a strong male bias (∼75%) in Pleistocene bison ( n = 186) and brown bears ( n = 91), matching signals previously reported for mammoth. Similarly, a male bias was also found in species of nearly all mammal orders in 4 large museum collections. Jun 5, 2020 · Background Women experience adverse drug reactions, ADRs, nearly twice as often as men, yet the role of sex as a biological factor in the generation of ADRs is poorly understood. Most drugs currently in use were approved based on clinical trials conducted on men, so women may be overmedicated. We determined whether sex differences in drug pharmacokinetics, PKs, predict sex differences in ADRs ... Jul 19, 2019 · Linear modeling revealed ~3000 genes with conserved (species-shared) sex bias in gene expression, most of which was tissue specific. The cumulative effects of conserved sex bias explain ~12% of the sex difference in mean human height, and cases such as that of LCORL, a TF with conservation of both female-biased expression and genetic association with height, suggest a contribution to sex ... .